传习录

257

257· 黃省曾錄

王汝中、省曾侍坐。

先生握扇命曰:「你们用扇。」

省曾起对曰:「不敢。」

先生曰:「圣人之学不是这等捆缚苦楚的,不是粧做道学的模样。」

汝中曰:「观仲尼与曾点言志一章略见。」

先生曰:「然。以此章观之,圣人何等宽洪包含气象?且为师者问志于群弟子,三子皆整顿以对。至于曾点,飘飘然不看那三子在眼,自去鼓起瑟来,何等狂态?及至言志,又不对师之问目,都是狂言。设在伊川,或斥骂起来了。圣人乃复称许他,何等气象?圣人教人,不是个束缚他通做一般:只如狂者便从狂处成就他,狷者便从狷处成就他。人之才气如何同得?」

王汝中、黄省曾陪坐。

先生拿着扇子说:「你们用扇。」

省曾起身答:「不敢。」

先生说:「圣人之学不是这般捆缚苦楚的,不是装做个道学模样。」

汝中说:「看仲尼与曾点言志一章,约略可见。」

先生说:「对。从这一章看,圣人是何等宽洪包容的气象?老师向弟子们问志,三位都郑重其事地作答。到曾点,飘飘然不看那三位在眼里,自己去鼓起瑟来,何等狂态?到言志时,又不照老师的问目答,全是狂言。若在伊川,恐怕早斥骂起来了。圣人反而称许他,何等气象?圣人教人,不是把人束缚成一般模样:狂者便从狂处成就他,狷者便从狷处成就他。人的才气怎能相同?」

Wang Ruzhong and Huang Xingzeng sat in attendance.

The Master, fan in hand, said: 'Use the fans.'

Xingzeng rose: 'We dare not.'

Said the Master: 'The sage's learning is no such trussed-up misery, no pose of solemn moralist.'

Ruzhong said: 'The chapter of Confucius and Zeng Dian declaring their aims shows it a little.'

'It does. See what breadth and tolerance in the sage's air: the master asks the disciples their aims; the three answer in trim formality. Zeng Dian, airy, not deigning to see the three, thrums his zither — what wildness! And his answer, ignoring the question, all wild talk. Before Yichuan he would have been rated already. The sage instead approves him — what an air! The sage's teaching does not bind men into one mold: the wild he perfects through their wildness, the cautious through their caution. How should men's gifts be made one?'

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